Eficacia de la cirugía bariátrica-metabólica en pacientes con obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Palabras clave:
cirugía bariátrica, cirugía metabólica, bypass gástrico, gastrectomía en manga, diabetes mellitus tipo 2,, obesidadResumen
La prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 está incrementando rápidamente a nivel mundial de manera paralela a la epidemia de obesidad. El número de personas con diabetes, alrededor del mundo, se ha duplicado en los últimos 20 años; una de las características más preocupantes de este rápido crecimiento es el aparecimiento de diabetes tipo 2 en niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Debido a la reducción de la esperanza de vida causada por las morbilidades producidas por la diabetes, los pacientes que sufren de esta patología requieren un manejo integral. La cirugía bariátrica / metabólica ha demostrado que:
- Mejora significativamente el control glucémico
- Reduce los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares
- Incluso ha demostrado la posibilidad de producir remisión de la diabetes tipo 2, hipertensión arterial y otras comorbilidades asociadas con la obesidad.
Los resultados de múltiples estudios demuestran claramente la eficacia de la cirugía metabólica en el control glucémico y de otras comorbilidades asociadas con la diabetes tipo 2 y la obesidad; se observa, con mucha frecuencia, casos de remisión de la diabetes, incluso hasta 5 años después de la intervención quirúrgica. Por esta razón, la Asociación Americana para la Diabetes (ADA) considera a la cirugía bariátrica como una opción terapéutica viable en pacientes obesos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Las cirugías gastrointestinales diseñadas para controlar la obesidad pueden mejorar la homeostasis de la glucosa más efectivamente que el tratamiento farmacológico-clínico y producir cambios importantes en el estilo de vida; incluso, en un considerable número de pacientes, se logra la remisión de la diabetes tipo 2.
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Derechos de autor 2019 Max Torres G, Glenda Herrera, Antonio Torres C., Amílcar Herrera, Gabriela Calero L., Jhony Delgado S.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
